Preface:

With the advent of new imaging modalities the field of abdominal imaging has undergone rapid changes in recent years. However, traditional examinations such as abdominal radiography and barium studies are still used for a variety of conditions. A good working knowledge of common manifestations of disease in both older and new modalities is therefore vital for students and clinicians. This book starts with a concise overview of abdominal anatomy, then provides a step-by-step guide to interpreting normal imaging results before demonstrating the appearance of key abnormalities. The book then presents concise, practical information on common abdominal conditions that may be encountered in routine medical or surgical practice, each one illustrated by radiological images of the highest quality. Key facts and treatment information are provided for each condition, and a list of key imaging features is included. To facilitate visual understanding, these features are labelled on the corresponding images, along with anatomical landmarks and other notable aspects. It is hoped that the book will serve as a handy companion for quick reference during teaching and ward rounds, and as a revision tool before examinations. Although primarily aimed at medical students and radiology trainees, the book will also be useful to all physicians and surgeons requiring a pocket-sized guide to abdominal imaging.
I would like to thank my colleagues at the Radiology Department, Warwick Hospital and also colleagues at South Warwickshire Foundation for their encouragement, help and advice. I would especially like to thank the editorial team at JP Medical, London for their expertise and help during the production of this book. Finally I would like to thank my wife and family for their help and support during the writing and production of this book.

Preface:

Robert Logan, Adam Harris, George Misiewicz and Hugh Baron, the Editors of ABC of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract, are all closely associated with Sir Francis Avery Jones and the Central Middlesex Hospital. Thirty years ago this month I started with Sir Francis as his last Medical Registrar, and that is why I have been invited to write this Foreword. Sir Francis was famous for saving the lives of pre-war patients with bleeding peptic ulcers by offering food and fluid, rather than starvation. With Sir Richard Doll, he introduced controlled clinical trials for peptic ulcer disease (indeed for all diseases, in due course), showing that carbenoxolone was better than placebo for gastric ulcer healing. He relied upon barium meals to diagnose ulcers and cancer. How would Sir Francis recognise this excellent collection of 13 articles about the upper gastrointestinal tract? Well, a lot has changed because of the three factors that damage this part of the human body – acid, Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Our ability to image this part of the body is another big development.
Finally, having thought that we’d made surgeons redundant, they have staged a comeback. For 25 years we have been able to decrease acid secretion moderately with histamine H2 receptor antagonists, and for 15 years we have had powerful control using proton pump inhibitors. We thought that this could deal with everything acidic, albeit with the need for indefinite maintenance treatment. But in 1981 Warren and Marshall identified, with typical Australian confidence, H pylori. Eradication was the new excitement – mostly curing duodenal ulceration, but leaving a “healthy” stomach with plentiful acid secretion, and the liability for acid reflux. So Sir Francis would be missing peptic ulceration, and would be more concerned about reflux, Barrett’s oesophagus, and oesophageal cancer. Our ageing population welcomed the pain relief and mobility achieved by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – only to be troubled by peptic ulcers that were often silent until they haemorrhaged or perforated. The best of times, the worst of times … The improvements in our ability to investigate this area have been breathtaking: endoscopy, ultrasound, retrograde cholangiopancreatography, computerised tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasound, 13C-urea breath testing, oesophageal manometry, and pH profiles. Organic disease can be excluded by exhaustive investigations, and functional disorders are the new challenge. Finally, the development of minimally invasive surgery leads the surgical renaissance. No longer gastric resections for chronic peptic ulcer disease – now laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones identified by ultrasound, or fundoplication for the acid reflux that now damages the oesophagus.

Preface:

Human development is a continuous process that begins when an oocyte (ovum) from a female is fertilized by a sperm (spermatozoon) from a male. Cell division, cell migration, programmed cell death, differentiation, growth, and cell rearrangement transform the fertilized oocyte, a highly specialized, totipotent cell, a zygote, into a multicellular human being. Although most developmental changes occur during the embryonic and fetal periods, important changes occur during later periods of development: infancy, childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood Development does not stop at birth. Important changes, in addition to growth, occur after birth (e.g., development of teeth and female breasts).
DEVELOPMENTAL PERIODS
It is customary to divide human development into prenatal (before birth) and postnatal (after birth) periods. The main developmental changes occurring before birth are illustrated in the Timetable of Human Prenatal Development (Figs. 1-1 and 1-2). Examination of the timetable reveals that the most visible advances occur during the third to eighth weeks of embryonic development. During the fetal period, differentiation and growth of tissues and organs occur. The rate of body growth increases during this period.
EMBRYOLOGIC TERMINOLOGY
The following terms are commonly used in discussions of developing humans; several of these terms are used in the Timetable of Human Prenatal Development. Most terms have Latin (L.) or Greek (Gr.) origins.
Oocyte (L. ovum, egg). The female germ or sex cells are produced in the ovaries. When mature, the oocytes are called secondary oocytes or mature oocytes.
Sperm (Gr. sperma, seed). The sperm, or spermatozoon, refers to the male germ cell produced in the testes (testicles). Numerous sperms (spermatozoa) are expelled from the male urethra during ejaculation.
Zygote. This cell results from the union of an oocyte and a sperm during fertilization. A zygote or embryo is the beginning of a new human being.
Gestational Age. It is difficult to determine exactly when fertilization (conception) occurs because the process cannot be observed in vivo (within the living body). Physicians calculate the age of the embryo or fetus from the presumed first day of the last normal menstrual period. This is the gestational age, which is approximately 2 weeks longer than the fertilization age because the oocyte is not fertilized until approximately 2 weeks after the preceding menstruation (see Fig. 1-1).
Cleavage. This is the series of mitotic cell divisions of the zygote that result in the formation of early embryonic cells, blastomeres. The size of the cleaving zygote remains unchanged because at each succeeding cleavage division, the blastomeres become smaller.
Morula (L. morus, mulberry). This solid mass of 12 to approximately 32 blastomeres is formed by cleavage of a zygote. The blastomeres change their shape and tightly align themselves against each other to form a compact ball of cells. This phenomenon, compaction, is probably mediated by cell surface adhesion glycoproteins. The morula stage occurs 3 to 4 days after fertilization, just as the early embryo enters the uterus.

• Language : English
• Paperback : 576 pages
• Item Weight : 3.64 pounds
• Dimensions : 8.25 x 1 x 10.75 inches.

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Book Description:

Expertly bridging the gap between basic science and clinical information, Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 14th Edition, brings together an outstanding collection of world-renowned authors to provide authoritative discussions of the full spectrum of adult and pediatric endocrine system disorders. New chapters and significant revisions throughout keep you up to date with recent advances in medications, therapies, clinical trials, and more. This essential reference is a must-have resource for endocrinologists, endocrine surgeons, gynecologists, internists, pediatricians, and other clinicians who need current, comprehensive coverage of this multifaceted field.

Table of Contents:

Section I: HORMONES AND HORMONE ACTION
1. Principles of Endocrinology
2. Principles of Hormone Action
3. Genetics of Endocrinology
4. Laboratory Techniques for Recognition of Endocrine Disorders
5. The Global Burden of Endocrine Disease
6. Navigating Through Clinical Practice Guidelines in Endocrinology
Section II: HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY
7. Neuroendocrinology
8. Pituitary Physiology and Diagnostic Evaluation
9. Pituitary Masses and Tumors
10. Posterior Pituitary
Section III: THYROID
11. Thyroid Physiology and Diagnostic Evaluation
12. Hyperthyroid Disorders
13. Hypothyroidism and Thyroiditis
14. Nontoxic Diffuse Goiter, Nodular Thyroid Disorders, and Thyroid Malignancies
Section IV: ADRENAL CORTEX AND ENDOCRINE HYPERTENSION
15. The Adrenal Cortex
16. Endocrine Hypertension
Section V: SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION
17. Physiology and Pathology of the Female Reproductive Axis
18. Hormonal Contraception
19. Testicular Disorders
20. Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women
21. Transgender Endocrinology
Section VI: ENDOCRINOLOGY AND THE LIFE SPAN
Section VI A: Maternal-Fetal
22. Endocrine Changes in Pregnancy
23. Endocrinology of Fetal Development
Section VI B: Childhood
24. Disorders of Sex Development
25. Normal and Aberrant Growth in Children
26. Physiology and Disorders of Puberty
Section VI C: Adult
27. Hormones and Athletic Performance
28. Endocrinology and Aging
Section VII: MINERAL METABOLISM
29. Hormones and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism
30. Osteoporosis: Basic and Clinical Aspects
31. Rickets and Osteomalacia
32. Kidney Stones
Section VIII: DISORDERS OF CARBOHYDRATE AND FAT METABOLISM
33. Physiology of Insulin Secretion
34. Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
35. Therapeutics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
36. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
37. Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
38. Hypoglycemia
39. Neuroendocrine Control of Energy Stores
40. Obesity
41. Disorders of Lipid Metabolism
Section IX: POLYENDOCRINE AND NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS
42. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
43. The Immunoendocrinopathy Syndromes
44. Endocrinology of HIV/AIDS
45. Neuroendocrine Tumors
46. Endocrinology of Cancer Survivors

About the Authors:

Shlomo Melmed
Dr. Melmed co-edits Endocrinology: Basic and Clinical Principles, is the Neuroendocrine Section Editor for DeGroot and Jameson’s Textbook of Endocrinology, and Williams Textbook of Endocrinology; and is pituitary section author for Harrison’s Textbook of Medicine. In addition to being the Editor-in-Chief of Pituitary, he is on the editorial board of Journal of Clinical Investigation and past Editor-in-Chief of Endocrinology.

Affiliations and Expertise
Professor of Medicine, Senior Vice President and Dean of the Medical Faculty, Cedars Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Ronald Koenig
Clifford Rosen
Richard Auchus
Allison Goldfine

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Gomella’s Neonatology 8th Edition PDF Free Download

Preface:

I am pleased to present the 8th edition of Neonatology. The first edition was published in 1988 and was started during my neonatology fellowship at University of Kentucky Medical Center in Lexington. The origins of the manual were fairly simple and started as a series of handouts designed to help students and residents make it through their neonatal intensive care unit rotation. Because of a complicated twin pregnancy during my fellowship, I had to delay my training and complete my required neonatology fellowship time at Johns Hopkins University. While the roots of this manual can be traced back to the University of Kentucky during my fellowship with Dr. Doug Cunningham, it was ultimately completed while I was a fellow at Johns Hopkins University and working at the newly established Bayview campus in Baltimore under Dr. Fabien Eyal. This has made the book somewhat unique because it was originally written from the perspective of a trainee in 2 different neonatology programs. This simple fact, along with the addition of other authors from around the United States and the world, has brought together a diverse group of contributors. I hope you will agree that this approach provides a comprehensive overview of the field of neonatology. Dr. Doug Cunningham has worked as associate editor on this manual since its inception 7 editions ago. For this, our 8th edition, he has passed the baton to Dr. Fayez Bany- Mohammed from the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine. Dr. Mohammed has been involved with the manual since the 5th edition and has established himself as one of our most outstanding authors. He has previously contributed multiple chapters with a concise writing style that made him a perfect fit to fill Dr. Cunningham’s shoes. I also want to publicly express my thanks to Dr. Cunningham. If it was not for his mentorship, this manual would not be in existence. He gave me special permission to develop the earliest versions of the manual during my dedicated fellowship research time. In a most fitting tribute to his contributions to the field of neonatology and his major longstanding contributions to this manual, we have dedicated this edition to Dr. Doug Cunningham

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