Welcome to the amazing world of microbiology! This edition of Nester’s Microbiology marks the official beginning of my role as the textbook’s lead author. I’m not entirely a newbie—I’ve been a coauthor for over a decade, so I was the logical choice to take over when Eugene Nester retired. It’s an honor as well as an incredible responsibility, but I truly love sharing my passion for the subject with students. When I teach my introductory microbiology course, I always start with comments I’ve received from previous students. Why student opinions? Because I’m admittedly biased by my love of microbiology, so my students’ words might have more influence that first day. I’ve decided to do the same here because, well, I want you to be as excited about microbiology as I am! First of all, I cannot believe that people actually graduate from college with no knowledge of the microbiology that is taught in your class. I’m starting to see it and the effects of microorganisms wherever I go (because let’s face it, they’re everywhere) and I’m just shocked that not everyone is required to know something so basic and essential to human life. ~ Bailey Clopp It’s not just that I want you to look forward to learning about microbiology—I also want you to succeed. So that leads me from my “pep talk” to my “stern talk.” To do well in a microbiology course, you have to approach your studying with the intent to understand the information rather than just memorize it. That’s where the textbook comes in. My coauthors and I have spent countless hours making every explanation clear and logical—so read your book! You’ll be amazed at the information that’s at your fingertips! Work to understand the various processes and learn the vocabulary required to explain them to someone else.

There have been remarkable advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases of the blood and lymphatic system and in the treatment of these diseases, since the 6th Edition of Essential Haematology was published in 2011. This new knowledge is due largely to the application of next generation sequencing of DNA which has enabled the detection of the genetic mutations, inherited or acquired, that underlie these diseases. As examples, sequencing has revealed the CALR mutation underlying a substantial proportion of patients with myeloproliferative diseases and the MYD88 mutation present in almost all cases of Waldenström’s macrogobulinaemia. Multiple ‘driver’ gene mutations affecting signalling pathways and epigenetic reactions involved in cell proliferation and survival have been discovered which underlie myelodysplasia, acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukaemias, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and the lymphomas. The complexity of the molecular changes underlying the malignant diseases and the relevance of this to their sensitivity or resistance to therapy is becoming apparent. This new knowledge has been accompanied by spectacular improvements in therapy. Inhibition of the B cell receptor signalling pathway has transformed the life expectancy in many patients with resistant chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and some of the B cell lymphomas resistant to other therapy. JAK2 inhibitors are improving the quality of life and survival in primary myelofibrosis. Survival in myeloma is improving remarkably with new proteasome inhibitory and immunomodulatory drugs. Life expectancy has also improved for patients with diseases such as thalassaemia major receiving multiple transfusions with the worldwide introduction of orally active iron chelating agents. New anticoagulants which directly inhibit at a single point in the coagulation cascade and rarely need monitoring are now used commonly in preference to warfarin for the treatment and prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. These advances in knowledge have been incorporated as new text, diagrams and tables for this seventh edition. New multiple choice questions have been added to the website and short summary boxes are included at the end of each chapter

There have been remarkable advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases of the blood and lymphatic system and in the treatment of these diseases, since the 6th Edition of Essential Haematology was published in 2011. This new knowledge is due largely to the application of next generation sequencing of DNA which has enabled the detection of the genetic mutations, inherited or acquired, that underlie these diseases. As examples, sequencing has revealed the CALR mutation underlying a substantial proportion of patients with myeloproliferative diseases and the MYD88 mutation present in almost all cases of Waldenström’s macrogobulinaemia. Multiple ‘driver’ gene mutations affecting signalling pathways and epigenetic reactions involved in cell proliferation and survival have been discovered which underlie myelodysplasia, acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukaemias, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and the lymphomas. The complexity of the molecular changes underlying the malignant diseases and the relevance of this to their sensitivity or resistance to therapy is becoming apparent. This new knowledge has been accompanied by spectacular improvements in therapy. Inhibition of the B cell receptor signalling pathway has transformed the life expectancy in many patients with resistant chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and some of the B cell lymphomas resistant to other therapy. JAK2 inhibitors are improving the quality of life and survival in primary myelofibrosis. Survival in myeloma is improving remarkably with new proteasome inhibitory and immunomodulatory drugs. Life expectancy has also improved for patients with diseases such as thalassaemia major receiving multiple transfusions with the worldwide introduction of orally active iron chelating agents. New anticoagulants which directly inhibit at a single point in the coagulation cascade and rarely need monitoring are now used commonly in preference to warfarin for the treatment and prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. These advances in knowledge have been incorporated as new text, diagrams and tables for this seventh edition. New multiple choice questions have been added to the website and short summary boxes are included at the end of each chapter

Now in its 13th edition, Junqueira’s Basic Histology continues as the preeminent source of concise yet thorough information on human tissue structure and function. For over 40 years this educational resource has met the needs of learners for a well-organized and concise presentation of cell biology and histology that integrates the material with that of biochemistry and physiology and provides an excellent foundation for subsequent studies in pathology. The text is prepared specifically for students of medicine and other health-related professions, as well as for advanced undergraduate courses in tissue biology. As a result of its value and appeal to students and instructors alike, Junqueira’s Basic Histology is used worldwide in nearly a dozen different languages. For this edition I have revised the text and shortened each chapter while adding new information and expanding coverage of specific topics as needed. Study is also facilitated by a new style and page design. Inserted throughout each chapter are more numerous, short paragraphs that indicate how the information presented can be used medically and which emphasize the foundational relevance of the material learned. Prompted by student requests, I also now close each chapter with a list of the key points summarizing that chapter. More figures and summary tables organizing the information to facilitate student learning have also been added to each chapter. Additional new art and other figures are present in each chapter, with the goal to simplify learning and integration with related material. The McGraw-Hill medical illustrations now used throughout the text, supplemented by numerous animations in the electronic version of the text, are the most useful, thorough, and attractive of any similar medical textbook. Electron and light micrographs have been replaced throughout the book as needed, and again they make up a complete atlas of cell, tissue, and organ structures fully compatible with the students’ own collection of glass or digital slides. A virtual microscope with over 150 slides of all human tissues and organs is available: http://medsci.indiana.edu/ junqueira/virtual/junqueira.htm. As with the previous edition, the book facilitates learning by its organization:
■ An opening chapter reviews how the structures of cells and tissues are studied.
■ Two chapters then summarize the structural and functional organization of the human cell cytoplasm and nucleus.
■ The next seven chapters cover the four basic tissues that make up our organs: epithelia, connective tissue (and its major subtypes), nervous tissue, and muscle.
■ Remaining chapters explain the organization and functional significance of these tissues in each of the body’s organ system, closing with up-to-date consideration of cells in the eye and ear. For student review and rapid assimilation of the material in Junqueira’s Basic Histology, McGraw-Hill has published a set of 200 full-color Basic Histology Flash Cards, both as actual cards and as an app for smart phone, tablet, or computer use, with each card having key structures to identify a summary of important facts and a clinical comment. With these new features, I am confident that Junqueira’s Basic Histology will continue as one of the most useful and widely used educational resources in histology.

With this 15th edition, Junqueira’s Basic Histology continues as the preeminent source of concise yet thorough information on human tissue structure and function. For over 45 years this educational resource has met the needs of learners for a well-organized and concise presentation of cell biology and histology that integrates the material with that of biochemistry, immunology, endocrinology, and physiology and provides an excellent foundation for subsequent studies in pathology. The text is prepared specifically for students of medicine and other health-related professions, as well as for advanced undergraduate courses in tissue biology. As a result of its value and appeal to students and instructors alike, Junqueira’s Basic Histology has been translated into a dozen different languages and is used by medical students throughout the world. Unlike other histology texts and atlases, the present work again includes with each chapter a set of multiple-choice Self-Test Questions that allow readers to assess their comprehension and knowledge of important points in that chapter. At least a few questions in each set utilize clinical vignettes or cases to provide context for framing the medical relevance of concepts in basic science, as recommended by the US National Board of Medical Examiners. As with the last edition, each chapter also includes a Summary of Key Points designed to guide the students concerning what is clearly important and what is less so. Summary Tables in each chapter organize and condense important information, further facilitating efficient learning. Each chapter has been revised and shortened, while coverage of specific topics has been expanded and updated as needed. Study is facilitated by modern page design. Inserted throughout each chapter are more numerous, short paragraphs that indicate how the information presented can be used medically and which emphasize the foundational relevance of the material learned. The art and other figures are presented in each chapter, with the goal to simplify learning and integration with related material. The McGraw-Hill medical illustrations, now used throughout the text, are the most useful, thorough, and attractive of any similar medical textbook. Electron and light micrographs have been replaced throughout the book as needed, and they again make up a complete atlas of cell, tissue, and organ structures fully compatible with the students’ own collection of glass or digital slides. Health science students whose medical library offers AccessMedicine among its electronic resources (which includes more than 95% of U.S. medical schools) can access a complete human histology Laboratory Guide linked to the virtual microscope at the URL given below. This digital Laboratory Guide, which is new with this edition of the text and unique among learning resources offered by any histology text and atlas, provides both links to the appropriate microscope slides needed for each topic and links to the correlated figures or tables in the text. Those without AccessMedicine will lack the digital Laboratory Guide, but may still study and utilize the 150 virtual microscope slides of all human tissues and organs, which are available at: http://medsci.indiana.edu/junqueira/virtual/junqueira.htm.

Textbook of Human Histology by Professor Inderbir Singh has remained an authoritative and standard textbook for the past many decades and it is our proud privilege to revise this book and bring out the 7th edition. The strength and popularity of this textbook has been its simple language and comprehensiveness that has essentially remained unchanged since its inception. Professor Singh’s eye for details and his meticulous writing style has always been popular amongst the generations of medical students. Although all the chapters have been revisited and thoroughly revised, we have taken special care to retain the basic essence of the book. To make this standard textbook fulfill the needs of today’s generation of students, some new features have been introduced in this edition. A new chapter on Light Microscopy and Tissue Preparation has been added to acquaint the students with the basics of histology. Every student of histology is expected to identify the slides and differentiate amongst them in a perfect manner.
To make the students familiar with the various slides, Histological Plates have been added in each chapter that include a photomicrograph, line drawing, and salient features that are visible while examining under the microscope. Each chapter has been rearranged to provide sequential learning to the students. All the diagrams have been redrawn and many new illustrations have been added for easy comprehension of the basic concepts. Clinical and Pathological Correlations have been added at relevant places for creating an interest of the students in the understanding of pathologies associated with various tissues. For providing an overview of histology to the student and for quick recall, an atlas has been provided at the beginning of the book. The atlas includes more than 80 slides of histological importance along with their important features. As envisioned by Professor Inderbir Singh, this textbook is of utmost utility not only for the undergraduate students but also for the students pursuing postgraduation in Anatomy. Keeping this in mind, advanced information on various topics has been included as Added Information to cater to the needs of postgraduate students.

Only four years have passed since the sixth edition of ‘Faabook ofMicrobialogywas publithed, but rapid developments in the subject have made a new edition necessary During this short period, new infectious diseases have emerged or re-emerged in new forms. For example. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus appeared suddenly causing death and panic in many countries, and the Bird Flu virus posed repeated pandemic threats. Microbiology has become an increasingly important discipline, set to face new challenges. Exciting advances in diagnostic microbiology using sophisticated techniques can help in the rapid identification of new pathogens and serve to contain them. This was shown by the identification of the new SARS virus within weeks by concerted multi-disciplinary international t ffUl Lb. While such scientific progress is a boon, some of it can be potentially dangerous, as for instance in the recent case of chemical synthesis of a complete pathogenic poliovirus in the laboratory. In this edition, the seventh, relevant new information has been added and all chapters revised and updated, maintaining the general format of the book The Textbook of Microbiology has been in use now for more than a quarter of a century. It has benefited greatly from the comments and suggestions from students, teachers and other readers. Their help is gratefully acknowledged.
Many of the health problems in developing countries like India are different from those of developed countries. Bacterial diseases still play a considerable role in diseases in our cosuitry. Topics such as cholera and enteric diseases are important to us though only of less or academic interest to the developed countries. The increasing importune of the newer knowledge in immunology to health and disease is not adequately stressed in most of the extant textbooks. Virus diseases which are responsible for nearly 60 per cent of human illness require wider coverage. The general approach to the teaching of microbiology in our country has also been rather static. All these factors aged for a textbook of microbiology more suited to countries like India.
We therefore undertook this endeavour based on our experience of teaching undergraduates and postgraduates for over two &coda. We omitted the discipline of parasitology from our book since we already have an excellent textbook on the subject published in India.
This book has taken us over three years to write and over a year in publication. Naturally we would be out of date to a certain and inevitable extent. We do not claim any perfection. On the contrary, we have requested medical students and teachers all over the country to write to us about any shortcomings and give us suggestions as to how to improve the book. We shall spare no pains in seeing that their valuable suggestions are given effect to in our second edition.

Management of Hematologic Malignancies PDF Free Download

Most of the current knowledge of the molecular basis of leukemias indicates that leukemias are heterogeneous groups of neoplasms. Even when the clinical and phenotypic presentations are similar, biologically the leukemias may differ, and molecular characterization of the individual leukemia is therefore essential for predicting prognosis and determining therapeutic approaches. This observation is not only relevant to leukemias, but is true of the complexity of cancer in general. With the recent advances in targeted therapy, and the ability to develop more specific inhibitors which target a specific pathway, precise understanding of the molecular abnormalities in a specific leukemia is becoming more crucial. It is widely accepted at this time that leukemia is a disease of hematopoietic cells, occurring when these cells become capable of independent self-renewal irrespective of physiologic needs. Most leukemic processes are believed to be initiated at the level of stem cells.
1 The definition of stem cells varies, however, dependent on the stage of differentiation. For example, it is believed that in some diseases, particularly chronic leukemias, the leukemic process is initiated at the stem cell level, but that the cells manage to differentiate to a certain extent, allowing the disease to manifest as a chronic leukemic process of the mature cells.2 While some leukemias are characterized and defined by a specific molecular abnormality, considered the hallmark of the disease, most investigators believe that additional molecular abnormalities must accumulate for the disease to manifest itself, or progress to acute disease.3 Therefore collaboration between two or more molecular abnormalities is likely to be common in leukemias. Here we will review the basic molecular abnormalities detected in patients with leukemias, then discuss specifically the most common leukemias. It should be emphasized that most of the genes targeted in these malignancies could be altered through multiple mechanisms. The same gene could become abnormal through amplification and thus display increased expression in one patient, or become abnormal through a point mutation and exhibit increased activity in another patient. It is also possible for the gene to sustain a point mutation and be amplified in the same patient. For this reason, it is imperative to determine the molecular signature of each malignancy.

Self Assessment and Review Microbiology Immunology 4th Edition PDF Free Download

“First of all we want to thank all of the readers for their immense support—the key of success.” The overwhelming success of the previous edition has encouraged us to carry this 4th edition a step ahead to revise and update the book, so as to match the pace of present PGMEE requirement of this difficult subject. PGMEE is a battle field in which everyone fights for success but only few succeed because only few know the correct use of weapon of “Knowledge, hard work and guidance”. So, guys learn the golden words : Success comes when, we do things right; When we learn how to make the best use of our time, and how to deal with adversities Why this book is different? Beside adding new questions, we have taken account of all mistakes to provide an error free text. This book provides important points of each topic in continuous manner not in parts as given in previous guides. This book consists of theory of each topic followed by its questions so theory portion helps you to solve new questions.
This pattern of book allows you to revise whole infectious disease very clearly and quickly. This book provides sufficient matter which can be revised without any problem. How to use this book? Read the theory first then do questions. You realize that this way of learning makes topic easy to understand and easy to grasp for long-term memory. Try to complete each topic in one sitting. In the last we would like to say all the best for your PGMEE preparation and hope you will work hard with positive attitude in your mind. Always keep one thing in your mind: There’s one thing, we cannot recycle and that’s wasted time, so guys ! “Schedule a daily time for relaxing, reflecting, planning and brainstorming.”